Estimating

Alternates

Also known as: Bid Alternates, Alternate Pricing

Optional pricing items in a bid that the owner may choose to add, deduct, or substitute after evaluating the base bid.

Alternates are optional scope items priced separately from the base bid. They allow the owner to evaluate cost trade-offs after seeing competitive base-bid pricing. Common alternates include upgraded finishes, additional scope (extending a renovation), substituted materials, or accelerated schedules.

A bid form typically lists alternates as Add Alternate #1 (additional cost), Deduct Alternate #2 (cost reduction), or Substitution Alternate #3 (swap materials at net cost difference). The owner selects alternates after reviewing all base bids; the contract is then awarded for base bid plus selected alternates.

Frequently asked questions

What are alternates in a construction bid?+

Optional pricing items priced separately from the base bid. The owner can add, deduct, or substitute scope by selecting alternates after evaluating base-bid pricing.

How many alternates should a bid include?+

Most bids include 2 to 6 alternates. Too few removes flexibility for the owner; too many makes pricing complex and dilutes attention from the base bid. Owners typically specify the alternates required in the bid documents.

Can I propose my own alternate?+

Voluntary alternates (proposed by the bidder, not requested in the bid documents) are sometimes welcome and sometimes excluded by bid instructions. When permitted, they can differentiate your bid through value engineering. Always check bid instructions before submitting voluntary alternates.

Related terms

Bid

A contractor's formal price proposal to perform a defined scope of work, usually in response to a bid invitation.

Estimate

A contractor's informational projection of project cost. Non-binding and revisable; differs from a firm bid.

Scope of Work

The written description of all tasks, materials, and deliverables the contractor agrees to perform on the project.

Addendum

A written modification to bid documents issued before the bid date to clarify drawings or change scope.