A subcontractor (or "sub") is a contractor that contracts with the prime contractor on a project to perform a specific portion of the work, typically a specialty trade. Common subcontracted trades include plumbing, electrical, HVAC, fire protection, roofing, drywall, painting, concrete, framing, and finish carpentry. The sub does not have a direct contract with the owner; their contractual relationship is with the GC.
The sub-GC relationship carries different rights and obligations than the GC-owner relationship. Subs typically have indirect lien rights subject to preliminary-notice filing in most states. Subs are paid by the GC, not by the owner directly (except in rare joint-check or direct-payment arrangements). Subs typically need their own GL insurance, workers' comp, and licenses for their trade.