A construction permit is the official authorization issued by the Authority Having Jurisdiction (typically the local building department) to perform specific work on a building. Most cities require permits for new construction, additions, renovations involving structural or MEP changes, demolition, and certain finish work. Sign permits, certificate of occupancy, and use permits are separate from construction permits.
Permitting timelines vary by jurisdiction and project complexity. Simple permits may be issued same-day; complex commercial TI permits can take 6 to 16 weeks for plan review and approval. Permit costs are typically a percentage of construction value (often 1 to 3%). Working without a permit when one is required exposes the contractor and owner to fines, forced removal, and lien complications.